The future tense.
The Future Tense:
The future can be expressed in
several ways in English. Here are the different possibilities:
1.
Future Simple: will + base form of
the verb
2.
Be Going To: am, is, are + going to +
base form of the verb
3.
Shall: Shall + subject + base form of
the verb?
4.
Future Progressive: will be + verbing
5.
Present Simple and Present
Progressive with Future Meaning
Time expressions in the Future Tense
There are several time expressions
that are used in all of the different forms of the future tense. They are
generally used at the end of the sentence or question. The most common are:
tomorrow, next week (Sunday/month/year), in two days (weeks, months years), the
day after tomorrow.
Future Simple: Will + Base Form of
the Verb
This form is used to:
1- Describe a simple action in the
future:
EXAMPLES:
1.
She‘ll write the e-mail after
lunch.
2.
Alice won’t help us
decorate for the party.
Make a prediction or give a warning:
1.
Don’t lift that. You‘ll hurt yourself
2.
If you don’t finish the bid, the
boss won’t give you a raise.
2- Make a spontaneous decision:
*EXAMPLE:
1.
You dropped your purse. I‘ll get it.
|
Subject |
will or won’t +verb |
rest of sentence |
|
|
Positive |
Negative |
||
|
I
/ You / We / They |
will see |
won’t see |
you tomorrow night |
Contractions:
In general, use the contracted forms
of the pronoun + will:
I will > I’ll / he will > he’ll / she will > she’ll /
you will > you’ll / we will > we’ll /they will
> they’ll
Ex. I’ll see you tomorrow. / You’ll get the answer by post.
Try to use the short form won’t instead of will not
Ex. I won’t see you tomorrow.
Save the long forms for when you want to create emphasis in spoken Englsih or
when writing formal texts.
Ex. You will not do that again! / His hypothesis will not stand
up to their criticism.
Yes/No Questions in the Future Simple
To create a question that will be
answered with a yes or no, use Will (or Won’t) + subject + base form of the
verb.
|
Will |
subject |
base form of the verb |
rest of sentence |
|
Will (Won’t) |
I / You / We / They |
send |
that fax for me |
1.
Will Dave burn the CD
for you?
2.
Won’t the girls be late
for the party?
Wh- Questions in the Future Simple
Wh- questions are questions that
require more information in their answers. Typical wh- words are what, where,
when, why, who, how, how many, how much.
To form a Wh-question use: Wh-word +
will (or won’t) + subject + base form of the verb.
|
Wh word |
Will |
subject |
base form of the verb |
rest of sentence |
|
What |
will |
I / You / We / They |
tell |
him tonight |
|
Why |
won’t |
finish |
the project |
1.
When
will he give you an answer?
2.
Why won’t you tell him the truth?
Exercises – Future Simple Tense
Fill in the correct form of the verb:
with the future simple tense as in the examples.
1.
I‘ll drive you to your lesson at
4 pm. (drive)
2.
He won’t work overtime
anymore (not work)
1.
Sam _______ the documents over to you
tomorrow. (bring)
2.
The managers ________ about the
budget until next Thursday. (not decide)
3.
_______ your sister ______ in a large
church? (get
married)
4.
________ he _____ you move to your
new apartment? (not
help)
5.
I _________ him this time. He mustn’t
do that again. (forgive)
Answers:
1.
will bring
2.
won’t decide
3.
Will/ get married
4.
Won’t/help
5.
will forgive
Future – Be Going To
We usually use am, is or are + going
to + the base form of the verb to talk about actions in the future that have
already been decided on.
|
Subject |
Form of be + going to |
base form of the verb |
rest of sentence |
|
|
Positive |
Negative |
|||
|
I |
am going to |
am not going to |
buy |
some clothes tomorrow |
|
He / She / It |
is going to |
isn’t (is not) going to |
||
|
You / We / They |
are going to |
aren’t (are not) going to |
||
1.
Dan‘s
going to take the order over to the customer.
2.
The girls are going to sing ‘Amazing
Grace’ now.
3.
They aren’t going to buy the
house.
4.
I am not going to make dinner
tonight. We’re going out to a restaurant.
Yes/No Questions – Be going to
To ask a question that will be
answered with either a yes or no, start with Am, Is or Are (or isn’t/aren’t for
negative questions), then choose a subject (the person or thing doing the
action), followed by going to + the base form of the verb.
|
A form of be |
subject |
going to + verb |
rest of sentence |
|
Am |
I |
going to eat |
lunch today |
|
Is / Isn’t |
he / she / it |
||
|
Are/ Aren’t |
you / we / they |
1.
Am I going to feel bad
about my decision?
2.
Is he going to watch the
film tonight?
3.
Are you going to
participate in the race tomorrow?
Wh-Questions – Be Going To
Wh- questions are questions that
require more information in their answers. Typical wh- words are what, where,
when, which, why, who, how, how many, how much.
To create a wh-question, start with
the wh-word, then add am, is or are, then the subject (a person or thing that
will be doing the action), going to and the base form of the verb.
|
Wh- word |
A form of be |
subject |
going to + verb |
rest of sentence |
|
Why |
am |
I |
going to watch |
the news |
|
is / Isn’t |
he / she / it |
|||
|
are/ aren’t |
you / we / they |
1.
How
much is the computer going to cost?
2.
Why aren’t you going to buy that
car?
Exercises – Future – be going to
Fill in the correct form of the verb
with the be going to form of future as in the examples.
1.
He is going to clean up his
room tonight. (clean
up)
2.
Teddy and Sam aren’t going to
eat at that restaurant again. (not eat)
1.
Ben__________ Mr. Davis to give him a
good grade. (persuade)
2.
We __________ a refund on that TV
that broke down. (demand)
3.
________Ms. Thompson __________ you
extra for that work?(pay)
4.
I _______ Los Angeles next year. (leave)
5.
Turner _______ a car when he lands at
the airport. (hire) He’ll take the train.
Answers:
1.
is going to persuade
2.
are going to demand
3.
Is/going to pay
4.
am going to leave
5.
isn’t going to hire
Future: Shall
Shall is used with the subjects I and
we to make suggestions or to offer to do something for someone. It is always
used in the form of a question.
|
Will |
subject |
base form of the verb |
rest of sentence |
|
Shall |
I / We |
send |
out for pizza |
1. EXAMPLES:
Shall we go for a
walk?
2.
Shall I help you with
that?
The use of shall to mean will is
formal English and is not commonly used today.
Future Progressive (Continuous) –
will + be + verbing
Spelling Tip
Verbing (Present Participle)
·
Add ing to most verbs. Ex.
play > playing, cry > crying, bark > barking
·
For verbs that end in e, remove the e
and add ing. Ex:
slide > sliding, ride > riding
·
For verbs that end in ie, change the
ie to y and add ing. Ex: die > dying, tie > tying
·
For a verb whose last syllable is
written with a consonant-vowel-consonant and is stressed, double the last
letter before adding ing. Ex: beg > begging, begin > beginning. However:
enter > entering (last syllable is not stressed)
We use will/wont + be + verbing
(present participle) when we know that an action will be in progress at some time
in the future or to describe something that has been pre-arranged.
|
Subject |
will / won’t + be +
verbing |
rest of sentence |
|
|
Positive |
Negative |
||
|
I
/ You / We / They |
will be waiting |
won’t be waiting |
for you |
1.
Don’t phone me before 12:00. I will
be meeting with a client.
2.
You can take my car tomorrow. I won’t
be using it.
3.
This time next year, we will be
living in our new home.
Yes/No Questions in the Future
Progressive (Continuous)
To ask a question that will be answered
with either a yes or no, start with Will or Won’t, then choose your subject
(the person or thing that will be doing the action), followed by be + verbing
(present participle).
|
Will/Wont |
Subject |
be + verbing |
Rest of Sentence |
|
Will |
I |
be exhibiting |
at
the show next month |
|
Won’t |
be coming |
to
the wedding on Sunday |
1.
Will Allen be participating in
the science fair next week ?
2.
Won’t you be visiting your
mother when I’m in town?
Wh-Questions in the Future Progressive
(Continuous)
Wh- questions are questions that
require more information in their answers. Typical wh- words are what, where,
when, which, why, who, how,
To create a wh-question, start with the wh-word, then will +the subject (a
person or thing that is doing the action), followed by be + the ing ( present
participle) form of the verb.
|
Wh Word |
will/wont |
subject |
verbing |
rest of sentence |
|
When |
will |
I |
be meeting |
with the CEO today |
1.
Where
will he be waiting for me?
2.
How will you be travelling to
the exhibition?
Some Wh-questions have a different
word order:
|
Wh Word |
subject |
will |
verbing |
rest of sentence |
|
How many |
people |
will |
be attending |
the show |
|
Who |
will |
be going |
with you |
1.
How
many contestants will be attempting to win
the prize?
2.
Which runners will be
running the race?
Exercises – Future Progressive
(Continuous)
Fill in the correct form of the verb
with the future progressive ( will + be + verbing) form of future as in the
examples.
1.
He will be receiving his
M.A. degree at the ceremony next week (receive)
2.
Will Ron be visiting you
today?(visit)
1.
I ________ to Monterey this weekend.
(drive) Do you want to come along?
2.
________ they ________ the conference
next week? (attend)
3.
Ella and Sara __________ out of class
just as I arrive at the college. (get)
4.
I ________ in Norway next week while
you are sunbathing in Tahiti (freeze)
5.
How many students _________ next
month? (not graduate)
Answers:
1.
will be driving
2.
Will/ be attending
3.
will be getting
4.
will be freezing
5.
will not be graduating
Present Simple and Present
Progressive with Future Meaning
1- The present simple tense may be used
to express the future in order to talk about plans in the near future.
EXAMPLE:
1.
Her bus leaves at 6:00 Tuesday
morning.
2- The present progressive tense may be
used to express the future especially when you want to talk about plans
arranged in advance. It is common to use it with verbs of movement.
EXAMPLE:
1.
I’m turning in my History assignment
tomorrow morning.
Tag Questions in the Future Tense
Tag questions are those short
questions that are tagged onto the end of a sentence. They are used just to
make sure the person you’re talking to understood what you meant or to
emphasize what you said.
They’re formed by using a positive
sentence in the future tense forms and adding an appropriate auxiliary
(helping) and a pronoun (I, you, we, they, he, she, it) and a question mark.
EXAMPLES:
1.
John will call her tomorrow, won’t
he?
2.
All those girls will be sitting
quietly, won’t they?
3.
You’re coming over tonight, aren’t
you?
4.
That bee is going to sting me, isn’t
it?
You may also add a positive tag when
you’re using a negative sentence.
1.
Carey won’t report me, will she?
2.
The kids aren’t going to play soccer
tomorrow, are they?
3.
You’re not working tomorrow, are you?
As a rule: When the sentence is
positive, the tag is negative.
When the sentence is negative, the tag is positive.
Examples – Future Tense
1- Positive
1.
She’ll write the e-mail after lunch.
2.
Don’t lift that. You’ll hurt
yourself.
3.
You dropped your purse. I’ll get it.
4.
I’ll see you tomorrow.
5.
You’ll get the answer by post.
6.
Dan’s going to take the order over to
the customer.
7.
The girls are going to sing ‘Amazing
Grace’ now.
8.
I’ll drive you to your lesson at 4
pm.
9.
He is going to clean up his room
tonight.
10.
Don’t phone me before 12:00. I will
be meeting with a client.
11.
This time next year, we will be
living in our new home.
12.
He will be receiving his M.A. degree
at the ceremony next week.
13.
Her bus leaves at 6:00 Tuesday
morning.
14.
I’m turning in my History assignment
tomorrow morning.
Negative:
1.
Alice won’t help us decorate for the
party.
2.
If you don’t finish the bid, the boss
won’t give you a raise.
3.
I won’t see you tomorrow.
4.
You will not do that again!
5.
They aren’t going to buy the house.
6.
I am not going to make dinner
tonight. We’re going out to a restaurant.
7.
Teddy and Sam aren’t going to eat at
that restaurant again.
8.
You can take my car tomorrow. I won’t
be using it.
9.
He won’t work overtime anymore.
Yes/No Questions
1.
Will Dave burn the CD for you?
2.
Won’t the girls be late for the
party?
3.
Am I going to feel bad about my
decision?
4.
Is he going to watch the film
tonight?
5.
Are you going to participate in the
race tomorrow?
6.
Shall we go for a walk?
7.
Shall I help you with that?
8.
Will Allen be participating in the
science fair next week?
9.
Won’t you be visiting your mother
when I’m in town?
10.
Will Ron be visiting you today?
Wh- Questions:
1.
When will he give you an answer?
2.
Why won’t you tell him the truth?
3.
How much is the computer going to
cost?
4.
Why aren’t you going to buy that car?
5.
Where will he be waiting for me?
6.
How will you be travelling to the exhibition?
7.
How many contestants will be
attempting to win the prize?
8.
Which runners will be running the
race?
Tag Questions
1.
John will call her tomorrow, won’t
he?
2.
All those girls will be sitting
quietly, won’t they?
3.
You are going to finish that work,
aren’t you?
4.
That bee is going to sting me, isn’t
it?
5.
Carey won’t report me, will she?
6. The kids aren’t going to play soccer tomorrow, are they?
Put a video with the future tense. make examples and sentences.
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